ABSTRACT
The current review article explores the binding empathy of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for different molecular targets, in the context of their potential use to fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). CNTs are touted as one of the most impending theranostic tools, owing to their exceptional mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Furthermore, their structural reliability and functional group flexibility make them especially useful for the design of advanced biosensing devices both for diagnostic and therapeutic applications against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, CNTs could also function both as an antigen carrier and an adjuvant when used concurrently with current and upcoming COVID-19 vaccines. [ FROM AUTHOR]
ABSTRACT
Advances in nanobiotechnology have allowed the utilization of nanotechnology through nanovaccines. Nanovaccines are powerful tools for enhancing the immunogenicity of a specific antigen and exhibit advantages over other adjuvant approaches, with features such as expanded stability, prolonged release, decreased immunotoxicity, and immunogenic selectivity. We introduce recent advances in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce either a carrier effect as a nanoplatform or an immunostimulatory effect. Several studies of CNT-based nanovaccines revealed that due to the ability of CNTs to carry immunogenic molecules, they can act as nonclassical vaccines, a quality not possessed by vaccines with traditional formulations. Therefore, adapting and modifying the physicochemical properties of CNTs for use in vaccines may additionally enhance their efficacy in inducing a T cell-based immune response. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to renew and awaken interest in and knowledge of the safe use of CNTs as adjuvants and carriers in vaccines.